Search results for "ACTIVATED COMPLEX"

showing 3 items of 3 documents

The transition state and cognate concepts

2019

Abstract This review aims firstly to clarify the meanings of key terms and concepts associated with the idea of the transition state, as developed by theoreticians and applied by experimentalist, and secondly to provide an update to the meaning and significance of the transition state in an era when computational simulation, in which complexity is being increasingly incorporated, is commonly employed as a means by which to bridge the realms of theory and experiment. The relationship between the transition state and the potential-energy surface for an elementary reaction is explored, with discussion of the following terms: saddle point, minimum-energy reaction path, reaction coordinate, acti…

/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1600/1606Structure (mathematical logic)Potential-energy surface/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1600/1605Computer scienceActivated complexOrganic ChemistryReaction coordinateTransition stateDividing surfaceEquicommittorState (functional analysis)Reaction coordinateFree-energy surfaceSimple (abstract algebra)Saddle pointElementary reactionPotential energy surfaceComputational simulationStatistical physicsPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry
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Periodic behaviour in heterogeneous chemical reactions

1992

Abstract The authors present an analytical and numerical analysis for a solid-gas oxidation process represented by a set of coupled reaction rates equations. The equations describe the time evolution of four elementary process that govern the overall heterogeneous kinetics. The description formation of a new oxide unit considers: (1) an internal interface (oxide-metal) reaction by which an activated complex is formed; (2) the dissolution of the complex produce a chemical element σ; (3) the diffusion of σ through the oxide layer; and (4) an external interface (oxide-gas) reaction. The results reported here delinate the parameter region where chemical oscillations are present.

ChemistryActivated complexNumerical analysisKineticsTime evolutionOxideThermodynamicsGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsChemical reactionchemistry.chemical_compoundPhysical chemistryGeneral Materials ScienceDiffusion (business)DissolutionSolid State Ionics
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Yttrium and lanthanides in human lung fluids, probing the exposure to atmospheric fallout.

2011

International audience; Inhalation of airborne particles can produce crystallization of phosphatic microcrysts in intraaveolar areas of lungs, sometimes degenerating into pulmonary fibrosis. Results of this study indicate that these pathologies are induced by interactions between lung fluids and inhaled atmospheric dust in people exposed to volcanic dust ejected from Mount Etna in 2001. Here, the lung solid-liquid interaction is evaluated by the distribution of yttrium and lanthanides (YLn) in fluid bronchoalveolar lavages on selected individuals according the classical geochemical approaches. We found that shale-normalised patterns of yttrium and lanthanides have a 'V shaped' feature corre…

Lanthanide010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesis550 - Earth sciences010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencesLanthanoid Series ElementsACTIVATED COMPLEXMass SpectrometryHuman lungLanthanideELEMENTSYttrium RadioisotopesYttriumWaste Management and DisposalLungInhalation ExposureInhalationDendriform pulmonary ossificationSEAWATERPollutionmedicine.anatomical_structureItalyEnvironmental chemistryThermodynamicsBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidAlgorithmsBronchoalveolar lavageCHEMICAL-REACTIONSEnvironmental EngineeringChromatography Gas[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Scienceschemistry.chemical_elementMineralogyVolcanic EruptionsWATERSmedicinebronchoalveaolar lavagesPARTICLESEnvironmental ChemistryHumansIn patientDISSOLUTION RATES0105 earth and related environmental sciencesRARE-EARTH PNEUMOCONIOSISPrecipitation (chemistry)YttriumEnvironmental ExposureAerosolSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E VulcanologiachemistryModels ChemicalMedical geochemistry13. Climate actionMedical geochemistry; Lanthanide; bronchoalveaolar lavagesVolcanic ashVolcanic ash
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